What is a variance in real estate?

A variance is a request by a property owner to deviate from the established zoning laws for a specific property. It allows exceptions to zoning rules. These rules might stop the property owner from using their land as they want. These requests are evaluated on a case by case basis by the local zoning board.

There are different types of variance in real estate, each tailored to specific situations. Let’s explore the key types, how they work, and what property owners need to know before applying.

• Area Variances: Area variances are one of the most common types of variance requests. They apply when the property owner seeks relief from dimensional zoning regulations, such as height restrictions, setbacks, or lot coverage limits. For example, a homeowner with a single-family home might ask for a special permission. This permission would allow them to build an addition that breaks setback rules.
• Use Variances: This type of variance lets the property owner use the land in a way not allowed by the current zoning rules. For example, changing a house into a business in a residential area may need special permission. These requests are more complex and harder to obtain because they can fundamentally change the character of a neighborhood.